Introduction:
Over the past two decades, natural gas (NG) has emerged as the preferred fuel choice due to its abundant availability, ease of transportation, and clean burning properties. However, a significant challenge with natural gas is that it is often found far away from its target market. Additionally, the potential purchasing country’s economic history may impose limitations on the gas market. Consequently, natural gas processing technology primarily focuses on preparing the gas for long-distance transportation through pipelines or as a liquid via ships.
Course Objectives:
The aims of the course are to give an introduction to natural gas production, processing, and transportation technologies. General concepts are introduced which enable all participants to have a basic understanding of the needs and requirements of natural gas production, purification, the production of natural gas liquids through to liquefied natural gas production, transportation and re-gasification. The seminar aims to give attendees the following:
- Nature of gas reservoirs, composition and characteristics of natural gas, and exploration for natural gas.
- Drilling and the production of associated and non-associated natural gas.
- The process technologies for the removal of water, solids, and other impurities from natural gas.
- The requirements for gas compression and pipeline transportation.
- The technology of the segregation of liquefied petroleum gases and natural gas liquids from the NG.
- Modern technologies for the production, transportation, and re-gasification of LNG.
Who Should Attend?
All those working in the petrochemical, oil and gas process industries with a need to understand the complete gas production train from the reservoir through to the sales point. The course will serve as an introduction to gas technology for those who are unfamiliar with it but will also assist those who need an the ability to progress to a detailed knowledge of some part of the gas supply train. These will include geoscientists, petroleum engineers, production engineers, trainee process engineers, plant operators and economists.
lean, easily transportable fuels, the produced gas may need extensive treatment prior to delivery. The completion of LNG schemes can be one of the most expensive projects undertaken by the hydrocarbon process industries. Depending upon the type of reservoir and the composition of the produced gas, the gas plant may also contain extensive facilities for the production of the associated liquid petroleum gases of propane and butanes. This will be particular relevant if the natural gas processing plant is of gas associated with oil production.
Course Outlines:
Introduction and Overview
- History of the Natural Gas Sector Characteristics of Natural Gas
- Physical Description, Composition, and Properties
- Transport Properties
- Heating Value
- Thermodynamic (State) Properties
- Equilibrium/Phase Behavior Natural Gas Reservoirs and Exploration
- Chemical Origins of NG
- Sedimentation and Reservoir geology
- Modern Exploration
- Geographical Studies, Geophysical Surveys, Well Logs, Data Analysis
Natural Gas Drilling and Production
- Rotary Drilling Equipment and Systems
- Drilling Operations
- Well Pressure Balance and Blow Out
- Directional and Offshore Drilling
- Well Completion, Testing, and Stimulation
- Primary and Enhanced Recovery Methods
- Offshore Production
- Production Profiles and Recovery Estimation
- Problem Well Analysis Natural Gas Processing and Utilization Strategies
- Historical and Modern Approaches
- Processing Objectives and Restrictions
- Natural Gas Products and Specifications
- Associated v. Non-Associated Natural Gas
- Modern Approaches: CNG, LNG, GTL, NGL, Condensate Free Liquids and Solids Separation
- Well Stream Separators: Functions, Design, Operations
- Multi-Stage Separators
- Solid Filtration and Filter Separators: Functions, Design, Operations
Hydrates
- Hydrate Characteristics
- Hydrate Formation and Thermodynamics
- Preventing Hydrate Formation Dehydration
- Effect of the Presence of Water
- Approaches to Dehydration of Natural Gas
- Absorption: Equipment, Solvents, Operations, Regeneration
- Adsorption: Process, Adsorbent Selection, Operation
- Gas Permeation Dehydration Hydrocarbon Fractionation and Purification
- Thermodynamics of Refrigeration
- Isenthalpic and Isenthropic Flash Refrigeration Processes
- External Cycle Refrigeration: Compression and Absorption
- Fractionation by Low Temperature Distillation
- Oil Absorption
- Selective Adsorption
- Condensate Stabilization
- C2+ Fractionation
- Impact of Presence of Water Vapor (and Hydrates) on Fractionation NATURAL GAS TREATING
- Chemical Removal of Acid Gases
- Physical Absorption Removal of Acid Gases
- Adsorption
- Gas Permeation and Low-T Distillation
- LPG and C5+ Sweetening
- Sulfur Recovery
- Nitrogen and Helium Removal
- Mercury Removal
COMPRESSION AND EXPANSION
- Compressor Functions and Classification
- Theory of Compression
- Reciprocating Compressors
- Reciprocating Compressor Selection and Operations
- Turbine-Drive Centrifugal Compressors
- Turboexpanders: Configuration, Design, Operations Measurement, Storage, and Transportation
- Natural Gas Flow, Temperature, and Specific Gravity Measurement
- NGL Metering
- Natural Gas Sampling and Testing
- Natural Gas Storage: Depleted Reservoir, Aquifer, Salt Cavern