Introduction:
Natural or associated gas as well as refinery off gases may contain a number of acidic contaminants, primarily h5S and CO2, inert gases, helium and nitrogen and in rare cases Radon. Removal of these acidic components can be divided into two broad categories, chemical and physical. Sometimes a mixture of chemical and physical solvents are used either in a continuous or batch process.
This Gas Processing training course concentrates on treatment processes in the entire natural gas value chain, from discovery, exploration and transportation through to sales and marketing. The h5S can be converted to sulphur using a modified Claus Sulphur Recovery unit. Each of the various sulphur recovery processes is examined and their chemistry explored in detail. Other techniques that will be covered include Shell’s greener alternative Thiopaq.
This Gas Processing training course will feature:
- Origins and chemical characteristics of Natural Gas
- Gas Treatment Technologies and Processes
- Amine Systems and Physical Solvents Design Criteria
- Troubleshooting Gas Sweetening and Sulphur recovery Units
- All the current Sulphur Recovery Technologies
Course Objectives:
- Appreciate the Many Aspects of Gas Treating and Sulphur Recovery Processes
- Identify the Main Process Steps and Discuss the Key Features of Gas Treating
- Demonstrate an Understanding of Many Facets of Amine Sweetening Technologies
- Understand the Technology, Chemistry and Thermodynamics of Gas Processing
- Evaluate, Monitor, and Troubleshoot Gas Treating Operations
Who Should Attend?
- Production and Processing Personnel
- Operations Staff, and Shift Supervisors
- Environmental Specialists
- Facilities and Process Engineers
- Geologists and Reservoir Engineers
- Line Managers, and Sales or Business Development Staff
- Industry Newcomers
Course Outlines:
Natural Gas Processing
- Physical properties of hydrocarbons
- Terminology and Nomenclature
- Qualitative Phase Behavior / vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
- Definition and objectives of treating
- Types of Contaminants and dealing with impurities
- Health, Safety and Environmental Considerations
- Gas specifications and Gas Processing Options
- Sales Gas and Product Specifications
- Dew Point Control / Liquids Recovery
- Cost impact and the economics of Gas treating and Sulphur Recovery
Chemical Reaction Processes
- Chemistry of Amine Gas Sweetening
- Amines in commercial use – Comparison and Selection
- Alkanolamine Processes General Design Criteria
- Process Flow Schemes and Process Control
- Equipment review:
- Fractionation and Separation Equipment
- Heat Transfer Equipment
- Pumps, Compressors and Drivers
- Refrigeration in Gas Conditioning and NGL Extraction Facilities
- Simulations, calculations and sizing examples
- Filtration
- Material selection and metallurgical issues
- General Operating Problems: Heat Stable Salts, Corrosion and Foaming
Common Process Being Used In Gas Processing Industries
- Physical processes: Theory and principles
- Selexol, Fluor, Rectisol, Purisol
- Alkaline Carbonate Salt Processes: Overview and Configurations
- Hot Potassium Carbonate Plants, Benfield HiPure, Catacard
- Hybrid Processes:
- Sulfinol (O/ M/ X),
- Batch and non Regenerable Processes: Advantages, range and disposal
- SulfaTreat, Sulfa-Check, Chemsweet, Iron Sponge, Puraspec, Molecular Sieve
- Liquid Hydrocarbon Treating:
- Regenerated Caustic, Perco Solid Copper Chloride, Molecular Sieve, MerOx
- New Treating Technologies
Sulphur Recovery Overview (I)
- Overview, Typical PFD and Process Considerations
- Mechanical Considerations and Instrumentation
- Claus and SuperClaus Process and Modifications
- The EUROClaus Concept
- Operating Parameters and Problems:
- H2S / CO2 Ratio Variability and control
- CO2 Catalyst Effect
- Sulfur Dew Point, Acid Gas Containing Hydrocarbons
- Sulfur Product Specifications, Storage and Handling
- Claus Process Calculations and Exercises
Sulphur Recovery (II)
- Tail Gas: Process Selection, Handling and Treatment
- SCOT, Sulfreen, Cold Bed Absorption
- Iron Chelate Redox Processes
- LOCAT, SulFerox, Stretford, Selectox
- Selective Treating: Hindered Amines, Flexsorb Process
- Acid Gas Injection
- Membranes
- Emerging and New Technologies
- Troubleshooting: what can go wrong
- Programme review and evaluation